STATE OF NEW YORK
________________________________________________________________________
362
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
IN SENATE
(Prefiled)
January 8, 2025
___________
Introduced by Sens. GIANARIS, BAILEY, MAY, MAYER, RAMOS, SEPULVEDA --
read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to
the Committee on Codes
AN ACT to amend the general business law and the penal law, in relation
to establishing a waiting period for the purchase of a firearm
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem-
bly, do enact as follows:
1 Section 1. The general business law is amended by adding a new article
2 39-BBB to read as follows:
3 ARTICLE 39-BBB
4 WAITING PERIOD FOR PURCHASE OF
5 FIREARMS
6 Section 876. Definitions.
7 876-a. Waiting period.
8 876-b. Exemptions.
9 876-c. Penalty.
10 § 876. Definitions. As used in this section:
11 1. "Dealer in firearms" has the same meaning as that term is defined
12 in subdivision nine of section 265.00 of the penal law.
13 2. "Firearm" has the same meaning as that term is defined in subdivi-
14 sion three of section 265.00 of the penal law.
15 § 876-a. Waiting period. No dealer in firearms shall deliver any
16 firearm, and no person shall take possession of any firearm from a deal-
17 er in firearms unless:
18 1. ten days have elapsed from the date such dealer initiated the
19 national instant criminal background check of the purchaser as required
20 by 18 U.S.C. § 922(t), after receiving a completed federal Firearms
21 Transaction Record, Form 4473, from the purchaser; and
22 2. such dealer has received notice that the purchaser has passed all
23 background checks required by federal, state and local law.
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD01253-01-5
S. 362 2
1 § 876-b. Exemptions. Section eight hundred seventy-six-a of this arti-
2 cle shall not apply to:
3 1. any law enforcement or correctional agency, or police officer or
4 corrections officer acting within the course or scope of their employ-
5 ment;
6 2. any federal officer or employee authorized to possess or carry a
7 firearm in the course of such officer or employee's duties, and any
8 member of the armed forces of the United States or the national guard;
9 3. any manufacturer, distributor or dealer of firearms when trans-
10 ferring weapons to a manufacturer, distributor or dealer;
11 4. any gunsmith licensed pursuant to section 400.00 of the penal law,
12 receiving a firearm for service or repair;
13 5. any common carrier or other person engaged, in the course of its
14 business, in the business of storing or transporting goods; and
15 6. firearms loaned or leased solely for use as a prop in a motion
16 picture, streaming, television, video, theatrical, or other production
17 or event when the firearm is not loaded with ammunition and the loan or
18 lease is made by a licensed dealer in firearms in the state of New York.
19 Ammunition shall not include blank ammunition consisting of a charge and
20 no projectile.
21 § 876-c. Penalty. Any person who violates the provisions of this arti-
22 cle shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
23 § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 897 of the general business law, as
24 amended by chapter 129 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
25 follows:
26 1. A national instant criminal background check shall be conducted and
27 no person shall sell or transfer a firearm, rifle or shotgun at a gun
28 show, except in accordance with the provisions of 18 U.S.C. 922(t),
29 provided that before delivering a firearm, rifle or shotgun to any
30 person, [either (a)] the National Instant Criminal Background Check
31 System (NICS) or its successor has issued a "proceed" response to the
32 seller or transferor, [or (b) thirty calendar days shall have elapsed
33 since the date the seller or transferor contacted NICS to initiate a
34 national instant criminal background check and NICS has not notified the
35 seller or transferor that the transfer of the firearm, rifle or shotgun
36 to such person should be denied] and ten days shall have elapsed from
37 the date such seller or transferor initiated the national instant crimi-
38 nal background check of the purchaser as required by 18 U.S.C. § 922(t),
39 after receiving a completed federal Firearms Transaction Record, Form
40 4473, from the purchaser; and such seller or transferor has received
41 notice that the purchaser has passed all background checks required by
42 federal, state and local law.
43 § 3. Subdivisions 1 and 2 of section 898 of the general business law,
44 subdivision 1 as amended by chapter 129 of the laws of 2019 and subdivi-
45 sion 2 as amended by chapter 371 of the laws of 2022, are amended to
46 read as follows:
47 1. In addition to any other requirements pursuant to state and federal
48 law, all sales, exchanges or disposals of firearms, rifles or shotguns
49 shall be conducted in accordance with this section unless such sale,
50 exchange or disposal is conducted by a licensed importer, licensed
51 manufacturer or licensed dealer, as those terms are defined in 18 USC §
52 922, when such sale, exchange or disposal is conducted pursuant to that
53 person's federal firearms license or such sale, exchange or disposal is
54 between members of an immediate family. When a sale, exchange or
55 disposal is conducted pursuant to a person's federal firearms license,
56 before delivering a firearm, rifle or shotgun to any person, [either
S. 362 3
1 (a)] the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) or its
2 successor has issued a "proceed" response to the federal firearms licen-
3 see, [or (b) thirty calendar days shall have elapsed since the date the
4 federal firearms licensee contacted NICS to initiate a national instant
5 criminal background check and NICS has not notified the federal firearms
6 licensee that the transfer of the firearm, rifle or shotgun to such
7 person should be denied] and ten days shall have elapsed from the date
8 such dealer initiated the national instant criminal background check of
9 the purchaser as required by 18 U.S.C. § 922(t), after receiving a
10 completed federal Firearms Transaction Record, Form 4473, from the
11 purchaser; and such dealer has received notice that the purchaser has
12 passed all background checks required by federal, state and local law.
13 For purposes of this section, "immediate family" shall mean spouses,
14 domestic partners, children and step-children.
15 2. Before any sale, exchange or disposal pursuant to this article, a
16 national instant criminal background check must be completed by a dealer
17 who shall submit a request to the division of state police pursuant to
18 section two hundred twenty-eight of the executive law to conduct such
19 check. Before a dealer who has submitted a request to the division of
20 state police to conduct a national instant criminal background check
21 delivers a firearm, rifle or shotgun to any person, [either (a)] NICS
22 shall have issued a "proceed" response, [or (b) thirty calendar days
23 shall have elapsed since the date the dealer submitted a request to the
24 division of state police to contact the NICS to initiate a national
25 instant criminal background check and NICS has not notified the division
26 of state police that the transfer of the firearm, rifle or shotgun to
27 such person should be denied] and ten days shall have elapsed from
28 the date such dealer initiated the national instant criminal background
29 check of the purchaser as required by 18 U.S.C. § 922(t), after receiv-
30 ing a completed federal Firearms Transaction Record, Form 4473, from the
31 purchaser; and such dealer has received notice that the purchaser has
32 passed all background checks required by federal, state and local law.
33 § 4. Subdivision 12 of section 400.00 of the penal law, as amended by
34 chapter 207 of the laws of 2022, is amended to read as follows:
35 12. Records required of gunsmiths and dealers in firearms. In addition
36 to the requirements set forth in article thirty-nine-BB of the general
37 business law, any person licensed as gunsmith or dealer in firearms
38 shall keep a record book approved as to form, except in the city of New
39 York, by the superintendent of state police. In the record book shall be
40 entered at the time of every transaction involving a firearm the date,
41 name, age, occupation and residence of any person from whom a firearm is
42 received or to whom a firearm is delivered, and the calibre, make,
43 model, manufacturer's name and serial number, or if none, any other
44 distinguishing number or identification mark on such firearm. Before
45 delivering a firearm to any person, the licensee shall require [him] the
46 person to produce either a license valid under this section to carry or
47 possess the same, or proof of lawful authority as an exempt person
48 pursuant to section 265.20 of this chapter and [either (a)] the National
49 Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) or its successor has
50 issued a "proceed" response to the licensee, [or (b) thirty calendar
51 days have elapsed since the date the licensee contacted NICS to initiate
52 a national instant criminal background check and NICS has not notified
53 the licensee that the transfer of the firearm to such person should be
54 denied] and ten days shall have elapsed from the date such dealer initi-
55 ated the national instant criminal background check of the purchaser as
56 required by 18 U.S.C. § 922(t), after receiving a completed federal
S. 362 4
1 Firearms Transaction Record, Form 4473, from the purchaser; and such
2 dealer has received notice that the purchaser has passed all background
3 checks required by federal, state and local law. In addition, before
4 delivering a firearm to a peace officer, the licensee shall verify that
5 person's status as a peace officer with the division of state police.
6 After completing the foregoing, the licensee shall remove and retain the
7 attached coupon and enter in the record book the date of such license,
8 number, if any, and name of the licensing officer, in the case of the
9 holder of a license to carry or possess, or the shield or other number,
10 if any, assignment and department, unit or agency, in the case of an
11 exempt person. The original transaction report shall be forwarded to the
12 division of state police within ten days of delivering a firearm to any
13 person, and a duplicate copy shall be kept by the licensee. The super-
14 intendent of state police may designate that such record shall be
15 completed and transmitted in electronic form. A dealer may be granted a
16 waiver from transmitting such records in electronic form if the super-
17 intendent determines that such dealer is incapable of such transmission
18 due to technological limitations that are not reasonably within the
19 control of the dealer, or other exceptional circumstances demonstrated
20 by the dealer, pursuant to a process established in regulation, and at
21 the discretion of the superintendent. Records assembled or collected
22 for purposes of inclusion in the database created pursuant to section
23 400.02 of this article shall not be subject to disclosure pursuant to
24 article six of the public officers law. The record book shall be main-
25 tained on the premises mentioned and described in the license and shall
26 be open at all reasonable hours for inspection by any peace officer,
27 acting pursuant to [his] their special duties, or police officer. In the
28 event of cancellation or revocation of the license for gunsmith or deal-
29 er in firearms, or discontinuance of business by a licensee, such record
30 book shall be immediately surrendered to the licensing officer in the
31 city of New York, and in the counties of Nassau and Suffolk, and else-
32 where in the state to the executive department, division of state
33 police.
34 § 5. Section 400.20 of the penal law, as added by chapter 129 of the
35 laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows:
36 § 400.20 Waiting period in connection with the sale or transfer of a
37 rifle or shotgun.
38 When a national instant criminal background check is required pursuant
39 to state or federal law to be conducted through the National Instant
40 Criminal Background Check System (NICS) or its successor in connection
41 with the sale or transfer of a rifle or shotgun to any person, before
42 delivering a rifle or shotgun to such person, [either (a)] NICS has
43 issued a "proceed" response to the seller or transferor, [or (b) thirty
44 calendar days shall have elapsed since the date the seller or transferor
45 contacted NICS to initiate a national instant criminal background check
46 and NICS has not notified the seller or transferor that the transfer of
47 the rifle or shotgun to such person should be denied] and ten days
48 shall have elapsed from the date such dealer initiated the national
49 instant criminal background check of the purchaser as required by 18
50 U.S.C. § 922(t), after receiving a completed federal Firearms Trans-
51 action Record, Form 4473, from the purchaser; and such dealer has
52 received notice that the purchaser has passed all background checks
53 required by federal, state and local law.
54 § 6. This act shall take effect on the first of January next succeed-
55 ing the date on which it shall have become a law.