STATE OF NEW YORK
        ________________________________________________________________________

                                          9210

                   IN ASSEMBLY

                                    February 9, 2022
                                       ___________

        Introduced  by  M.  of  A.  BUTTENSCHON -- read once and referred to the
          Committee on Codes

        AN ACT to amend the civil practice law and rules and the criminal proce-
          dure law, in relation to allowing courts to hold a pre-trial community
          safety and well-being hearing

          The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and  Assem-
        bly, do enact as follows:

     1    Section 1. Subdivision 2 of section 6342 of the civil practice law and
     2  rules, as added by chapter 19 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as
     3  follows:
     4    2.  (a)  In  determining  whether grounds for a temporary extreme risk
     5  protection order exist, the court shall consider  any  relevant  factors
     6  including, but not limited to, the following acts of the respondent:
     7    [(a)]  (i)  a  threat  or  act  of  violence  or use of physical force
     8  directed toward self, the petitioner, or another person;
     9    [(b)] (ii) a violation or alleged violation of an order of protection;
    10    [(c)] (iii) any pending charge or conviction for an offense  involving
    11  the use of a weapon;
    12    [(d)]  (iv)  the  reckless  use,  display or brandishing of a firearm,
    13  rifle or shotgun;
    14    [(e)] (v) any history of a violation of  an  extreme  risk  protection
    15  order;
    16    [(f)]   (vi)  evidence  of  recent  or  ongoing  abuse  of  controlled
    17  substances or alcohol; or
    18    [(g)] (vii) evidence of recent acquisition of a firearm, rifle,  shot-
    19  gun  or  other  deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, or any ammunition
    20  therefor.
    21    (b) In considering the factors under this subdivision, the court shall
    22  consider:
    23    (i) the time that has elapsed since the occurrence of such act or acts
    24  [and];
    25    (ii) the age of the person at the time of the occurrence of  such  act
    26  or acts; and

         EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
                              [ ] is old law to be omitted.
                                                                   LBD14496-01-2

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     1    (iii)  the  community  safety  and  well-being of all residents of the
     2  state.
     3    (c)  The  court shall use any mental health evaluations the respondent
     4  has undergone when making a consideration regarding the community safety
     5  and well-being of all residents of the state.
     6    (d) For the purposes of this subdivision, "recent"  means  within  the
     7  six months prior to the date the petition was filed.
     8    §  2.  The  criminal  procedure law is amended by adding a new section
     9  510.55 to read as follows:
    10  § 510.55 Pretrial detention; community safety and well-being hearing.
    11    1. When a principal, whose  future  court  attendance  at  a  criminal
    12  action or proceeding is or may be required, comes under the control of a
    13  court,  the  people  may make a motion seeking pretrial detention due to
    14  the mental health of the principal. The people  may  seek  the  pretrial
    15  detention of a principal:
    16    (a)  charged  with  a  felony  that involves the use, attempted use or
    17  threatened use of physical force against the person of  another  or  any
    18  other felony that, by its nature, involves a substantial risk that phys-
    19  ical force against the person of another may result;
    20    (b)  charged  with a misdemeanor or felony which has as an element the
    21  violation of a court order;
    22    (c) charged  with  a  misdemeanor  or  felony  where  the  victim  was
    23  subjected  to  physical,  sexual  or  psychological abuse inflicted by a
    24  member of the same family or household,  as  such  term  is  defined  in
    25  subdivision one of section 530.11 of this title, as the applicant;
    26    (d) charged with an offense for which a minimum term of three years or
    27  more is prescribed;
    28    (e)  charged with intimidating a victim or witness in the first degree
    29  as defined in section 215.17 of the penal law, intimidating a victim  or
    30  witness  in  the second degree as defined in section 215.16 of the penal
    31  law, or intimidating a victim or witness in the third degree as  defined
    32  in section 215.15 of the penal law;
    33    (f)  charged  with  a  third or subsequent violation of section eleven
    34  hundred ninety-two of the vehicle and traffic law within ten years;
    35    (g) charged with a felony which has as an element the  use,  attempted
    36  use  or  threatened use of physical force or a deadly weapon against the
    37  person of another;
    38    (h) charged with burglary in the first degree as  defined  in  section
    39  140.30  of  the  penal  law, burglary in the second degree as defined in
    40  section 140.25 of the penal law, or burglary  in  the  third  degree  as
    41  defined  in section 140.20 of the penal law, grand larceny in the second
    42  degree as defined in section 155.40 of the penal law, or  grand  larceny
    43  in the fourth degree as defined in section 155.30 of the penal law;
    44    (i) charged under article one hundred fifty of the penal law;
    45    (j)  charged with kidnapping in the first degree as defined in section
    46  135.25 of the penal law or kidnapping in the second degree as defined in
    47  section 135.20 of the penal law;
    48    (k) charged with a crime which involved the use of explosives;
    49    (l) otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious risk  of  phys-
    50  ical  injury  to another for which a term of imprisonment was served and
    51  arrested and charged with a second or subsequent offense  under  article
    52  two hundred sixty-five of the penal law; or
    53    (m)  charged with a felony under article twenty-six of the agriculture
    54  and markets law.
    55    2. (a) Upon the appearance of the principal charged  with  an  offense
    56  listed  in  subdivision  one  of  this section before a supreme court or

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     1  district court judge and upon the motion of the people, the judge  shall
     2  hold  a  hearing  pursuant to subdivision four of this section and shall
     3  issue an order that, pending  trial,  the  individual  shall  either  be
     4  released  on  his  or  her  own  recognizance, released on conditions of
     5  release as set forth by the judge, or detained under  subdivision  three
     6  of  this  section.  The  individual  shall  be released unless the judge
     7  determines that releasing the principal on his or her  own  recognizance
     8  will endanger the community safety and well-being of any other person in
     9  the  state  but  does  not find by clear and convincing evidence that no
    10  conditions of release will reasonably ensure the  community  safety  and
    11  well-being  of  any other person in the state, the judge shall order the
    12  pretrial release of the principal:
    13    (i) subject to the condition that the person  not  commit  a  federal,
    14  state or local crime during the period of release; and
    15    (ii)  subject  to the least restrictive further condition, or combina-
    16  tion of conditions, that such judge determines  will  reasonably  ensure
    17  the  community  safety  and  well-being of any other person in the state
    18  that the principal:
    19    (A) remain in the custody of a designated person, who agrees to assume
    20  supervision and to report any violation of a release  condition  to  the
    21  court,  if  the designated person is reasonably able to ensure the judi-
    22  cial officer that the person will appear as required and will not pose a
    23  danger to the safety of any other person or the community;
    24    (B) maintain employment, or, if unemployed, actively seek employment;
    25    (C) maintain or commence an educational program;
    26    (D) abide by specified restrictions on personal  associations,  living
    27  accommodations or travel;
    28    (E) avoid all contact with an alleged victim of the crime and with any
    29  potential witness or witnesses who may testify concerning the offense;
    30    (F)  report on a regular basis to a designated law enforcement agency,
    31  pretrial service agency, or other agency;
    32    (G) comply with a specified curfew;
    33    (H) refrain from possessing a firearm, destructive  device,  or  other
    34  dangerous weapon;
    35    (I)  refrain  from  excessive use of alcohol, or any use of a narcotic
    36  drug or other controlled substance, without a prescription by a licensed
    37  medical practitioner;
    38    (J) undergo available medical, psychological,  or  psychiatric  treat-
    39  ment, including treatment for drug or alcohol dependency and remain in a
    40  specified institution if required for that purpose;
    41    (K)  return  to  custody  for  specified  hours  following release for
    42  employment, schooling, or other limited purposes;
    43    (L) satisfy any other condition that is reasonably necessary to ensure
    44  the appearance of the person as required and to ensure  the  safety  and
    45  well-being of any other person and the community; and
    46    (M)  participates in a community corrections program under the depart-
    47  ment of corrections and community supervision, provided,  however,  that
    48  the  principal  shall not participate in such program without his or her
    49  consent to such participation.
    50    (b) The judge shall not impose a financial condition that  results  in
    51  the pretrial detention of the person under this section.
    52    (c)  The judge may at any time amend the order to impose additional or
    53  different conditions of release.
    54    3. There shall be a rebuttable presumption of release on  recognizance
    55  for every principal brought before the court. If, after a hearing pursu-
    56  ant  to the provisions of subdivision four of this section, the district

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     1  or supreme court judge finds by clear and convincing  evidence  that  no
     2  conditions  of  release  will reasonably ensure the community safety and
     3  well-being of any other person in the state, said judge shall order  the
     4  detention  of  the  principal prior to trial. A principal detained under
     5  this subdivision shall be brought to  a  trial  as  soon  as  reasonably
     6  possible,  but in absence of extraordinary circumstances, such principal
     7  shall not be detained for a period exceeding one hundred twenty days  by
     8  the  district court or for a period exceeding one hundred eighty days by
     9  the supreme court.
    10    4. (a) When a principal is held under arrest for an offense listed  in
    11  subdivision  one  of  this  section and upon a motion by the people, the
    12  judge shall hold a hearing to determine whether  conditions  of  release
    13  will  reasonably ensure the community safety and well-being of any other
    14  person in the state. A principal shall be offered the appropriate mental
    15  health services while being held under arrest for an offense  listed  in
    16  subdivision one of this section.
    17    (b)  The  hearing shall be held immediately upon the principal's first
    18  appearance before the court unless such principal or the people  seek  a
    19  continuance. Except for good cause, a continuance on motion of the prin-
    20  cipal  shall  not  exceed  seven days and a continuance on motion of the
    21  people shall not exceed three business days. During a  continuance,  the
    22  principal  shall  be detained upon a showing that there existed probable
    23  cause to arrest the principal or that without  detention  the  principal
    24  would  result in serious harm to himself, herself, or others, as defined
    25  in paragraph one or two of subdivision (a) of section 9.39 of the mental
    26  hygiene law. At the hearing, such principal shall have the right  to  be
    27  represented  by  counsel,  and, if financially unable to retain adequate
    28  representation, to  have  counsel  appointed.  The  principal  shall  be
    29  afforded  an opportunity to testify, to present witnesses, to cross-exa-
    30  mine witnesses who appear at the hearing, and  to  present  information.
    31  Prior  to  the  summons of an alleged victim, or a member of the alleged
    32  victim's family, to appear as a witness at the  hearing,  the  principal
    33  shall  demonstrate  to  the court a good faith basis for the principal's
    34  reasonable belief that the testimony from the witness will  be  material
    35  and  relevant  to  support  a  conclusion  that  there are conditions of
    36  release that will reasonably ensure the community safety and  well-being
    37  of  any other person in the state. The rules concerning admissibility of
    38  evidence in criminal trials shall not  apply  to  the  presentation  and
    39  consideration of information at the hearing and the judge shall consider
    40  hearsay contained in a police report, the statement of an alleged victim
    41  or  witness,  and  shall have access to any mental health evaluation the
    42  principal has undergone prior to hearing. The facts the  judge  uses  to
    43  support  findings pursuant to subdivision three of this section, that no
    44  conditions will reasonably ensure the community safety and well-being of
    45  any other person in the state, shall be supported by clear and  convinc-
    46  ing  evidence. In a detention order issued pursuant to the provisions of
    47  subdivision three of this section the judge shall: (i)  include  written
    48  findings  of  fact  and  a  written  statement  of  the  reasons for the
    49  detention; (ii) direct that the principal be  committed  to  custody  or
    50  confinement  in a corrections facility separate, to the extent practica-
    51  ble, from principals awaiting or  serving  sentence  or  being  held  in
    52  custody pending appeal or a community treatment center; and (iii) direct
    53  that  the  principal  be  afforded  reasonable  opportunity  for private
    54  consultation with his or her counsel.  The  principal  may  be  detained
    55  pending  completion  of  the hearing. The hearing may be reopened by the
    56  judge, at any time before trial, or upon a motion of the people  or  the

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     1  principal  detained if the judge finds that: (A) information exists that
     2  was not known at the time of the hearing or that there has been a change
     3  in circumstances; and (B) that such information  or  change  in  circum-
     4  stances  has a material bearing on the issue of whether there are condi-
     5  tions of release that will reasonably ensure the  community  safety  and
     6  well-being of any other person in the state.
     7    5.  In  his or her determination as to whether there are conditions of
     8  release that will reasonably ensure the community safety and  well-being
     9  of  any other person in the state, said judge shall, on the basis of any
    10  information which he or she can reasonably obtain, take into account the
    11  nature and seriousness of the danger posed to any other  person  or  the
    12  community  that  would result by the principal's release, the nature and
    13  circumstances of the offense charged, the potential penalty the  princi-
    14  pal  faces,  the  principal's family ties, employment record, history of
    15  mental illness,  and  reputation,  the  risk  that  the  principal  will
    16  obstruct  or attempt to obstruct the judge or threaten, injure or intim-
    17  idate or attempt to threaten, injure or intimidate a prospective witness
    18  or juror, his or her record of convictions, if  any,  any  illegal  drug
    19  distribution  or  present  drug dependency, and whether the principal is
    20  released pending adjudication of a prior charge.
    21    6. Nothing in this section shall be construed as modifying or limiting
    22  the presumption of innocence.
    23    7. (a) A principal aggrieved by the denial of a district  court  judge
    24  to  release  him  or  her on his or her own recognizance with or without
    25  surety or condition may petition the supreme court for a review  of  the
    26  order  of  the  recognizance  and  the judge of the district court shall
    27  thereupon immediately notify such principal of his or her right to  file
    28  a  petition  for review in the supreme court. When a petition for review
    29  is filed in the district court or with the  detaining  authority  subse-
    30  quent  to  the  petitioner's district court appearance, the clerk of the
    31  district court or the detaining authority, as the  case  may  be,  shall
    32  immediately  notify by telephone, the clerk and probation officer of the
    33  district court, the district attorney for  the  district  in  which  the
    34  district  court  is  located,  the prosecuting officer, the petitioner's
    35  counsel, if any, and the clerk of courts of  the  county  to  which  the
    36  petition is to be transmitted. The clerk of the district court, upon the
    37  filing  of  a  petition for review, either in the district court or with
    38  the detaining authority,  shall  forthwith  transmit  the  petition  for
    39  review,  a  copy of the complaint and the record of the court, including
    40  the appearance of the attorney, if any is entered, and a summary of  the
    41  court's  reasons  for denying the release of the principal on his or her
    42  own recognizance with or without surety  or  condition  to  the  supreme
    43  court  for the county in which the district court is located, if a judge
    44  thereof is then sitting, or to the supreme court of the  nearest  county
    45  in  which a judge is then sitting. The probation officer of the district
    46  court shall transmit forthwith to the probation officer of  the  supreme
    47  court,  copies  of  all records of the probation office of said district
    48  court pertaining to the petitioner, including the petitioner's record of
    49  prior convictions, if any, as  currently  verified  by  inquiry  of  the
    50  commissioner. The district court or the detaining authority, as the case
    51  may  be,  shall cause any petitioner in its custody to be brought before
    52  said supreme court within two business days of the petition having  been
    53  filed.  The district court is authorized to order any officer authorized
    54  to execute criminal process to transfer the petitioner  and  any  papers
    55  herein above described from the district court or the detaining authori-
    56  ty to the supreme court, and to coordinate the transfer of the petition-

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     1  er  and  the  papers  by  such  officer.   The petition for review shall
     2  constitute authority in the person or  officer  having  custody  of  the
     3  petitioner to transport the petitioner to said supreme court without the
     4  issuance of any writ or other legal process; provided, however, that any
     5  district or supreme court is authorized to issue a writ of habeas corpus
     6  for the appearance forthwith of the petitioner before the supreme court.
     7    (b)  The  supreme court shall hear the petition for review as speedily
     8  as practicable and in any event within five business days of the  filing
     9  of the petition. The supreme court judge hearing the review may consider
    10  the  record below which the people and the principal may supplement. The
    11  judge of the supreme court may, after a  hearing  on  the  petition  for
    12  review, order that the petitioner be released on his or her own recogni-
    13  zance  without  surety  or  condition,  or, in his or her discretion, to
    14  reasonably ensure the effective  administration  of  justice,  make  any
    15  other  order of bail or recognizance or remand the petitioner in accord-
    16  ance with the terms of the process  by  which  he  or  she  was  ordered
    17  committed by the district court.
    18    8. If after a hearing under subdivision four of this section detention
    19  under  subdivision  three of this section is ordered or pretrial release
    20  subject to conditions under subdivision two of this section is  ordered,
    21  then:  (a)  the clerk shall immediately notify the principal's probation
    22  officer of the order; and (b) the order of detention  under  subdivision
    23  three of this section or order of pretrial release subject to conditions
    24  under  subdivision  two of this section shall be recorded in the princi-
    25  pal's criminal record.
    26    § 3. This act shall take effect on the first of November next succeed-
    27  ing the date on which it shall have become a law and shall apply to  all
    28  criminal cases where the defendant was arraigned on or after such effec-
    29  tive date.