An Act concerning the use of unmanned aerial vehicles and supplementing Title 2A of the New Jersey Statutes.

Be It Enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey:

1. a. As used in this act:

"Anti-personnel device" means a firearm or any prohibited weapon or device defined under N.J.S.2C:39-3 or any other projectile designed to harm, incapacitate, or otherwise negatively impact a human being;

"Unmanned aerial vehicle" means an aerial vehicle that is owned or operated by any branch of the Armed Forces of the United States or any law enforcement agency, or agent or employee thereof, that uses aerodynamic forces to propel the vehicle and does not carry a human operator, and is capable of flying autonomously or being piloted remotely and conducting surveillance as defined by this section;

¹"Emergency" means any flood, hurricane, storm, tornado, high water, wind-driven water, tidal wave, drought, fire, explosion, civil disorder, act of terrorism, or other catastrophe which is or threatens to be of sufficient severity and magnitude to substantially endanger the health, safety and property of the citizens of this State;¹ and

"Surveillance" means the act of monitoring, observing, photographing, listening to, or making a recording of a person or group of persons or their movements, activities and communications.

b. No law enforcement agency shall utilize an unmanned aerial vehicle to conduct surveillance or to gather any evidence or engage in any other law enforcement activity within this State unless:

(1) ¹[the chief law enforcement officer of that law enforcement agency has reasonable grounds to believe that the record or other information that may be derived from an unmanned aerial vehicle is relevant and material to an ongoing criminal investigation; or

(2)] pursuant to the authority of a judicially authorized search warrant issued by a court of competent jurisdiction;

(2) the law enforcement agency has probable cause to believe that a person has committed a crime, is committing a crime, or is about to commit a crime, and exigent circumstances exist making it unreasonable for the law enforcement agency to obtain a warrant authorizing use of an unmanned aerial vehicle;

(3) the law enforcement agency has obtained the written consent of an individual or property owner about which the law enforcement agency seeks to gather information using the unmanned aerial vehicle;
or

(4)¹ the unmanned aerial¹[system] vehicle¹ is being utilized by the Missing Persons Unit established pursuant to section 2 of P.L.1983, c.467 (C.52:17B-9.7) or other law enforcement agency for a search and rescue mission¹[,]¹ including¹,¹ but not limited to, locating a high risk missing person or missing child as defined under section 1 of P.L.2007, c.279 (C.52:17B-212), or following a notification that a person is abducted or missing by an Amber Alert established under section 3 of P.L.2002, c.129 (C.52:17B-194.3) or Silver Alert under section 1 of P.L.2009, c.167 (C.52:17B-194.4)¹; or by the State Office of Emergency Management to survey or monitor the extent of an emergency.¹

c. Whenever a law enforcement agency utilizes an unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ in accordance with subsection b. of this section and records a verbal or video communication that is unrelated to an ongoing criminal investigation, the contents of that verbal or video communication, and any information that is derived from that communication, shall be discarded within 14 days.

d. Information or records of a verbal or video communication derived from the use of an unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ shall be strictly safeguarded and shall not be made available or disclosed to the public or any third party. The provisions of this section shall not apply to the disclosure of information or records of a verbal or video communication derived from the use of an unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ to any court or law enforcement agency in carrying out its functions related to the ongoing criminal investigation.

e. Any evidence derived from the use of an unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ in violation of this section shall not be used as evidence in a criminal prosecution ¹or disclosed in any other judicial proceeding, administrative proceeding, arbitration proceeding, or legislative proceeding, and may not be used to establish reasonable suspicion or probable cause that an offense has been, is being, or is about to be committed¹.

2. a. A forest firefighter service established under the Department of Environmental Protection pursuant to R.S.13:9-1 et seq. may utilize an unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ to survey or monitor the extent of a forest fire.

b. Any fire department, paid or volunteer, in this State may utilize an unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ to survey or monitor the extent of a fire in situations when the unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ can assist firefighters in obtaining visual and ¹[oratory] auditory¹information on the damage caused by the fire to a building or other structure.

c. Whenever a forest firefighter service, or any fire department, paid or volunteer, utilizes an unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ in accordance with this section and records a verbal or video communication that is unrelated to an arson investigation, the contents of that verbal or video communication, and any information that is derived from that communication, shall be discarded within 14 days.

¹ e. A forest firefighter service, or any other fire department, paid or volunteer, that utilizes an unmanned aerial vehicle pursuant to this section shall not be subject to the restrictions placed on law enforcement agencies set forth under subsection b. of section 1 of P.L. , c. (C. ) (pending before the Legislature as this bill).¹

¹3. a. Any county emergency management coordinator or municipal emergency management coordinator in this State may utilize an unmanned aerial vehicle to survey or monitor the extent of an emergency in situations when the unmanned aerial vehicle can assist the coordinator in obtaining visual and auditory information on the damage caused by the emergency to that county or municipality.

b. Information or records of a verbal or video communication derived from the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle shall be strictly safeguarded and shall not be made available or disclosed to the public or any third party.

c. A county emergency management coordinator or municipal emergency management coordinator that utilizes an unmanned aerial vehicle pursuant to this section shall not be subject to the restrictions placed on law enforcement agencies set forth under subsection b. of section 1 of P.L. , c. (C. ) (pending before the Legislature as this bill).¹

¹[3.] 4.¹a. Each law enforcement agency ¹[or] ,¹ fire department ¹or county or local Office of Emergency Management¹ that utilizes an unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ shall keep, on location at the agency or department, a record for each ¹[an]¹ unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ listing the following identifying information:

(1) maintenance records for each ¹[a]¹ unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹;

(2) the records of the two most recent calendar years of fuel purchases for each unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹; ¹and¹

(3) any other documentation pertinent to the unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ that may be otherwise required under rules or regulations adopted pursuant to section ¹[5] 6¹ of P.L. , c. (C. ) (pending before the Legislature as this bill). The Attorney General shall have the authority to inspect these records upon request.

b. Each law enforcement agency ¹[or] ,¹ fire department ¹, or county or local Office of Emergency Management¹ that utilizes an unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ shall annually inspect the unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ to ensure that the ¹[system] vehicle¹ is being properly maintained, is in good working condition, and is safe to be used in the same proximity as the general public. The person conducting the inspection shall have qualifications, knowledge, and experience in the use and inspection of unmanned aerial ¹[systems] vehicles¹.

A report of the annual inspection shall be forwarded to the Office of the Attorney General no later than January 1 of each year. The report also shall include a statement documenting the number of times that an unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ was used during the year, as well as a statement of facts establishing the purpose for which the unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle¹ was used, and the character of the information that the law enforcement agency or fire department obtained from utilizing the unmanned aerial ¹[system] vehicle.¹

¹[4.] 5.¹ No person, including a law enforcement agency ¹[or] ,¹ fire department ¹or county or local Office of Emergency Management¹ permitted to utilize an unmanned aerial vehicle pursuant to this act shall operate an unmanned aerial vehicle in this State that is equipped with an anti-personnel device as defined in section 1 of P.L. , c. (C. ) (pending before the Legislature as this bill). A person who violates this section shall be guilty of a crime of the fourth degree.

¹[5.] 6.¹ The Attorney General, in conjunction with the Superintendent of State Police, shall adopt rules and regulations in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.), to effectuate the purposes of this act.

¹[6.] 7.¹ This act shall take effect immediately.